Ukuze kufezekiswe iinjongo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kwi-EU kunye nokufikelela kwisimo sengqondo sokungathathi cala kwimozulu ngo-2050, amazwe aliqela angamalungu aqalise imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neenkuthazo zerhafu ukukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe bamandla acocekileyo. Iimpompo zobushushu, njengesisombululo esibanzi, zinokuqinisekisa intuthuzelo yangaphakathi ngelixa ziqhuba inkqubo yokususa iicarbonization ngokudibanisa amandla ahlaziyekayo. Nangona zixabiseke kakhulu, iindleko zokuthenga kunye nokufakela zihlala zingumqobo kubathengi abaninzi. Ukukhuthaza abantu ukuba bakhethe ezi nkqubo kuneebhoyila zefosili zemveli, zombini imigaqo-nkqubo yaseYurophu kunye nenkuthazo yesizwe kunye nerhafu zinokudlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Lilonke, iYurophu yonyuse imizamo yayo yokukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe obuzinzileyo kwicandelo lokufudumeza nokupholisa, inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli yefosili ngokusebenzisa izikhuthazo zerhafu kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo. Umlinganiselo obalulekileyo yi-Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"Green Homes", eqala nge-1 kaJanuwari 2025, eya kuthintela inkxaso-mali kwiibhoyila zepetroli yefosili, endaweni yoko igxile ekufakweni kweepompo zobushushu ezisebenzayo kunye neenkqubo ze-hybrid.
ElamaTaliyane
I-Itali ikhuthaze uphuhliso lweempompo zobushushu ngothotho lweenkqubo zezibonelelo zerhafu kunye nenkxaso, iqinisa kakhulu imigaqo-nkqubo yayo yezemali yokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokususwa kweekhabhoni kwicandelo lezindlu ukusukela ngo-2020. Ngokwesiyilo sebhajethi sika-2024, izibonelelo zerhafu zokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla zika-2025 zezi zilandelayo:
I-Ecobonus: Yolulwa iminyaka emithathu kodwa ngesantya sokutsalwa kwenzuzo esinciphileyo (50% ngo-2025, 36% ngo-2026-2027), kunye nesixa esiphezulu sokutsalwa kwenzuzo siyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko ethile.
Ibhonasi enkulu: Igcina izinga lokuncitshiswa kwe-65% (ekuqaleni yayiyi-110%), isebenza kuphela kwiimeko ezithile ezifana nezakhiwo zeeflethi, igubungela iindleko zokutshintsha iinkqubo zokufudumeza ezindala ngeempompo zobushushu ezisebenzayo.
I-Conto Termico 3.0: Ijolise ekulungisweni kwezakhiwo ezikhoyo, ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokufudumeza amandla avuselelekayo kunye nezixhobo zokufudumeza ezisebenzayo.
- Ezinye izibonelelo, ezifana ne-"Bonus Casa," zikwagubungela iinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla avuselelekayo ezifana ne-photovoltaics.
Jemani
Emva kwerekhodi ngo-2023, intengiso yepompo yobushushu yaseJamani yehle ngama-46% ngo-2024, kodwa kubekho ukunyuka kweemfuno zemali, kwaye izicelo ezingaphezu kwe-151,000 zamkelwe. Imibutho yamashishini ilindele ukuba imakethi ibuyele esiqhelweni kwaye iceba ukuqalisa ukusasazwa kwenkxaso-mali ngo-2025.
Inkqubo ye-BEG: Kubandakanya iprojekthi yokutshintsha ubushushu ye-KfW, iya "kusebenza ngokuqhubekayo" ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2025, ixhasa ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo ezikhoyo kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza amandla avuselelekayo, kunye namaxabiso enkxaso-mali ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70%.
Izibonelelo Zokonga Amandla: Zigubungela iimpompo zobushushu zisebenzisa iifriji zendalo okanye amandla obushushu; izibonelelo zokukhawulezisa imozulu zijolise kubanini bezindlu ezithatha indawo yeenkqubo zepetroli yamandulo; izibonelelo ezinxulumene nengeniso zisebenza kumakhaya anengeniso yonyaka engaphantsi kwama-euro angama-40,000 ngonyaka.
- Eminye inkuthazo ibandakanya inkxaso-mali yokuphucula inkqubo yokufudumeza (BAFA-Heizungsoptimierung), iimali-mboleko ezinzulu ze-retrofit (KfW-Sanierungskredit), kunye nenkxaso yezakhiwo ezitsha eziluhlaza (KFN).
Speyin
ISpain ikhawulezisa ukukhuthazwa kwetekhnoloji ecocekileyo ngamanyathelo amathathu:
Ukuncitshiswa kweRhafu yeNgeniso yoBuqu: Ukususela ngo-Okthobha 2021 ukuya kuDisemba 2025, kukho isaphulelo sotyalo-mali se-20%-60% (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5,000 yee-euro ngonyaka, kunye ne-15,000 yee-euro ezihlanganisiweyo) ezifumanekayo zokufakelwa kwepompo yobushushu, ezifuna izatifikethi ezimbini zokusebenzisa amandla kakuhle.
Isicwangciso soHlaziyo lweeDolophu: Sixhaswe yiNextGenerationEU, sibonelela ngenkxaso-mali yeendleko zokufakela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40% (ngomda we-3,000 yee-euro, kwaye abantu abanemivuzo ephantsi banokufumana inkxaso-mali ye-100%).
Izibonelelo zeRhafu yePropati: Isaphulelo sotyalo-mali se-60% (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-9,000 yee-euro) siyafumaneka kwipropathi iyonke, kunye ne-40% (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3,000 yee-euro) kwizindlu zosapho olunye.
Izibonelelo zeSithili: Inkxaso-mali eyongezelelweyo ingabonelelwa luluntu oluzimeleyo.
Grisi
Isicwangciso se-"EXOIKonOMO 2025" sinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokulungiswa kwezakhiwo ngokupheleleyo, apho iintsapho ezinengeniso ephantsi zifumana inkxaso-mali engama-75%-85%, kunye namanye amaqela angama-40%-60%, kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluphezulu olunyuswe ukuya kwi-35,000 yee-euro, olugubungela ubushushu, ukutshintshwa kweefestile neengcango, kunye nokufakelwa kwepompo yobushushu.
Fransi
Inkxaso-mali yoBuqu (Ma Prime Renov): Iinkxaso-mali ziyafumaneka ukuze kufakelwe iipompo zobushushu ezizimeleyo ngaphambi kowama-2025, kodwa ukusukela ngowama-2026, kufuneka ubuncinane uphuculo olongezelelweyo lwe-insulation kabini. Isixa-mali senkxaso-mali sixhomekeke kwingeniso, ubungakanani bosapho, ummandla, kunye nemiphumo yokonga umbane.
Inkxaso-mali Yokunyusa Ubushushu (Coup de pouce chauffage): Iinkxaso-mali ziyafumaneka ukuze kutshintshwe iinkqubo zamafutha efosili, kunye nemali enxulumene nezinto zasekhaya, ubungakanani, kunye nommandla.
Enye Inkxaso: Izibonelelo zikarhulumente wasekhaya, izinga le-VAT elincitshisiweyo nge-5.5% kwiipompo zobushushu kunye ne-COP ye-3.4 ubuncinane, kunye nemali mboleko engenanzala efikelela kwi-50,000 yee-euro.
Amazwe aseNordic
ISweden ikhokela iYurophu ngokufakelwa kweempompo zobushushu ezizizigidi ezi-2.1, iqhubeka nokuxhasa uphuhliso lweempompo zobushushu ngokuncitshiswa kwerhafu ye-"Rotavdrag" kunye nenkqubo ye-"Grön Teknik".
Iunited kingdom
Isicwangciso sokuphucula iBoiler (IBUS): Kubekwe uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali olongezelelweyo lwe-25 yezigidi zeepawundi (uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lulonke lowama-2024-2025 yi-205 yezigidi zeepawundi) olubonelela: izibonelelo ze-7,500 zeepawundi zeepompo zobushushu zomoya/zamanzi/zomhlaba (ekuqaleni yayiziipawundi ezingama-5,000), kunye nezibonelelo ze-5,000 zeepawundi zeebhoyila ze-biomass.
- Iinkqubo ze-hybrid azifanelekanga ukufumana inkxaso-mali kodwa zinokudityaniswa nenkxaso-mali yelanga.
- Ezinye izibonelelo ziquka inkxaso-mali ye-"Eco4", akukho VAT kumandla acocekileyo (kude kube nguMatshi 2027), iimali mboleko ezingenanzala eScotland, kunye ne-"Nest Scheme" yaseWales.
Irhafu kunye neendleko zokusebenza
Umahluko kwi-VAT: Ngamazwe amathandathu kuphela, kuquka iBelgium neFrance, anamazinga aphantsi e-VAT kwiimpompo zobushushu kunakwiibhoyila zegesi, okulindeleke ukuba anyuke aye kumazwe alithoba (kubandakanya i-UK) emva kukaNovemba ka-2024.
Ukhuphiswano lweendleko zokusebenza: Amazwe asixhenxe kuphela anamaxabiso ombane angaphantsi kabini kunexabiso legesi, apho iLatvia neSpain zinezinga le-VAT ephantsi yegesi. Idatha evela ngo-2024 ibonisa ukuba amazwe amahlanu kuphela anamaxabiso ombane angaphantsi kabini kunexabiso legesi, nto leyo egxininisa isidingo sokwenza okungakumbi ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kweepompo zobushushu.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yezemali kunye namanyathelo okukhuthaza asetyenziswa ngamazwe angamalungu e-EU akhuthaza abantu ukuba bathenge iipompo zobushushu, eziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yotshintsho lwamandla eYurophu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-19-2025