Kwicandelo letekhnoloji yokufudumeza nokupholisa, iipompo zobushushu ziye zavela njengesisombululo esisebenza kakuhle nesinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, nakwimizi-mveliso ukubonelela ngemisebenzi yokufudumeza nokupholisa. Ukuze uqonde ngokwenene ixabiso kunye nokusebenza kweepompo zobushushu, kubalulekile ukuphonononga imigaqo yazo yokusebenza kunye nengcamango yeCoefficient of Performance (COP).
Imigaqo Yokusebenza Yeempompo Zobushushu
Ingcamango esisiseko
Ipompo yobushushu ngokuyintloko sisixhobo esidlulisela ubushushu ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zokufudumeza zemveli ezivelisa ubushushu ngokutsha okanye ukumelana nombane, iipompo zobushushu zihambisa ubushushu obukhoyo ukusuka kwindawo epholileyo ukuya kwenye efudumeleyo. Le nkqubo ifana nendlela esebenza ngayo ifriji, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo. Ifriji ikhupha ubushushu ngaphakathi kwayo ize ibukhuphele kwindawo engqongileyo, ngelixa ipompo yobushushu ikhupha ubushushu kwindawo engaphandle ize ibukhuphele ngaphakathi.
Umjikelo Wokukhenkceza
Ukusebenza kwepompo yobushushu kusekelwe kumjikelo wokufriji, oquka izinto ezine eziphambili: i-evaporator, i-compressor, i-condenser, kunye ne-expansion valve. Nantsi inkcazo yenyathelo ngenyathelo yendlela ezi zinto ezisebenzisana ngayo:
- Umphunga: Le nkqubo iqala nge-evaporator, ekwindawo epholileyo (umz., ngaphandle kwendlu). I-refrigerant, into enomphezulu wokubila ophantsi, ifunxa ubushushu obuvela emoyeni okanye emhlabeni ojikelezileyo. Njengoko ifunxa ubushushu, i-refrigerant iyatshintsha ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwigesi. Olu tshintsho lwesigaba lubalulekile kuba luvumela i-refrigerant ukuba ithwale ubushushu obuninzi.
- Isiguquli: I-refrigerant yegesi emva koko isiya kwi-compressor. I-compressor yonyusa uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu be-refrigerant ngokuyicinezela. Eli nyathelo libalulekile kuba linyusa ubushushu be-refrigerant ukuya kwinqanaba elingaphezulu kunobushushu obufunekayo ngaphakathi. I-refrigerant enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, nobushushu obuphezulu ngoku ikulungele ukukhulula ubushushu bayo.
- Isikhondensi: Inyathelo elilandelayo libandakanya i-condenser, ekwindawo efudumeleyo (umz., ngaphakathi endlwini). Apha, i-refrigerant eshushu, enoxinzelelo oluphezulu ikhupha ubushushu bayo emoyeni okanye emanzini angqongileyo. Njengoko i-refrigerant ikhupha ubushushu, iyaphola kwaye itshintshe ukusuka kwigesi ibe lulwelo. Olu tshintsho lwesigaba lukhupha ubushushu obuninzi, obusetyenziselwa ukufudumeza indawo yangaphakathi.
- Ivalvu Yokwandisa: Okokugqibela, i-liquid refrigerant idlula kwi-expansion valve, nto leyo enciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu bayo. Eli nyathelo lilungiselela i-refrigerant ukuba ifunxe ubushushu kwakhona kwi-evaporator, kwaye umjikelo uyaphinda.
I-Coefficient of Performance (COP)
Inkcazo
I-Coefficient of Performance (COP) yindlela yokulinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwepompo yobushushu. Ichazwa njengomlinganiselo wobushushu obuziswayo (okanye obususiweyo) kubungakanani bamandla ombane asetyenzisiweyo. Ngamazwi alula, isixelela ukuba bubungakanani ubushushu obunokuveliswa yipompo yobushushu kwiyunithi nganye yombane eyisebenzisayo.
Ngokwezibalo, i-COP ichazwa ngolu hlobo:
I-COP=Amandla ombane asetyenzisiweyo (W)Ubushushu obuhanjiswayo (Q)
Xa ipompo yobushushu ine-COP (Coefficient of Performance) ye-5.0, inokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zombane xa kuthelekiswa nokufudumeza kombane kwendabuko. Nantsi uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha kunye nokubala:
Uthelekiso loKusebenzisa kakuhle amandla
Ukufudumeza kombane kwendabuko kune-COP ye-1.0, oko kuthetha ukuba kuvelisa iyunithi e-1 yobushushu kwi-1 kWh nganye yombane osetyenzisiweyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ipompo yobushushu ene-COP ye-5.0 ivelisa iiyunithi ezi-5 zobushushu kwi-1 kWh nganye yombane osetyenzisiweyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isebenze ngcono kakhulu kunokufudumeza kombane kwendabuko.
Ukubalwa kweendleko zokonga umbane
Ukucinga ngesidingo sokuvelisa iiyunithi ezili-100 zobushushu:
- Ukufudumeza koMbane weNdalo: Ifuna umbane oyi-100 kWh.
- Impompo yobushushu ene-COP ye-5.0: Ifuna kuphela i-20 kWh yombane (iiyunithi ezili-100 zobushushu ÷ 5.0).
Ukuba ixabiso lombane liyi-0.5€ nge-kWh:
- Ukufudumeza koMbane weNdalo: Ixabiso lombane yi-50€ (100 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
- Impompo yobushushu ene-COP ye-5.0: Ixabiso lombane yi-10€ (20 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
Umlinganiselo wokonga
Ipompo yobushushu ingonga i-80% kwiindleko zombane xa kuthelekiswa nokufudumeza kombane okuqhelekileyo ((50 - 10) ÷ 50 = 80%).
Umzekelo Osebenzayo
Kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, ezinje ngamanzi ashushu asetyenziswa ekhaya, cinga ukuba iilitha ezingama-200 zamanzi kufuneka zifudunyezwe ukusuka kwi-15°C ukuya kwi-55°C yonke imihla:
- Ukufudumeza koMbane weNdalo: Isebenzisa malunga ne-38.77 kWh yombane (xa kucingelwa ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu yi-90%).
- Impompo yobushushu ene-COP ye-5.0: Isebenzisa malunga ne-7.75 kWh yombane (38.77 kWh ÷ 5.0).
Ngexabiso lombane le-0.5€ nge-kWh nganye:
- Ukufudumeza koMbane weNdalo: Ixabiso lombane lemihla ngemihla limalunga ne-19.39€ (38.77 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
- Impompo yobushushu ene-COP ye-5.0: Ixabiso lombane lemihla ngemihla limalunga ne-3.88€ (7.75 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
Imali Eqikelelweyo Yokonga Kwimizi Ephakathi: Iimpompo Zobushushu vs. Ukufudumeza Ngegesi Yendalo
Ngokusekelwe kuqikelelo lweshishini lonke kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswayo zamaxabiso amandla eYurophu:
| Into | Ukufudumeza igesi yendalo | Ukufudumeza ipompo yobushushu | Umahluko Wonyaka Oqikelelweyo |
| Ixabiso eliphakathi lamandla lonyaka | €1,200–€1,500 | €600–€900 | Imali eyongiweyo malunga ne-€300–€900 |
| Ukukhutshwa kweCO₂ (iitoni ngonyaka) | Iitoni ezi-3–5 | Iitoni ezi-1–2 | Ukunciphisa malunga neetoni ezi-2–3 |
Phawula:Ukonga okwenyani kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumaxabiso ombane negesi kazwelonke, umgangatho wobushushu besakhiwo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwepompo yobushushu. Amazwe afana neJamani, iFransi, ne-Itali adla ngokubonisa ukonga okukhulu, ingakumbi xa kukho inkxaso-mali karhulumente.
Ipompo yobushushu yeHien R290 EocForce Series 6-16kW: Ipompo yobushushu yomoya ukuya emanzini iMonobloc
Ezona mpawu:
Ukusebenza kwe-All-in-one: ukufudumeza, ukupholisa, kunye nemisebenzi yamanzi ashushu asekhaya
Iinketho zeVoltage eziguquguqukayo: 220–240 V okanye 380–420 V
Uyilo oluNcinci: Iiyunithi ezincinci eziyi-6–16 kW
Isiqandisi Esinobuhlobo Nokusingqongileyo: Isiqandisi se-R290 esiluhlaza
Ukusebenza Okuthuleyo Nokuhleba: 40.5 dB(A) kwi-1 m
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla: SCOP Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5.19
Ukusebenza kobushushu obugqithisileyo: Ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwi -20 °C
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla: A+++
Ulawulo olukrelekrele kwaye lulungele i-PV
Umsebenzi we-Anti-legionella: Ubushushu obuphezulu bamanzi e-Outlet.75ºC
Ixesha leposi: Septemba-10-2025